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Welchrom™ Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) Products From Welch Materials, Inc.

I. Solid Phase Extraction Cartridge

Sample preparation is one of the most important key steps for the entire analysis process as over 60% of the entire analysis process time and over 30% of the analysis errors are from the sample preparation. Over the last twenty years, SPE has become the most powerful technique prior to analytical chromatography for the cleanup, purification, and concentration of samples from various matrices, including urine, blood, water, beverages, soil, and animal tissue. Solid phase extraction is a form of digital (stepwise) chromatography designed to extract, partition, and/ or adsorb one or more components from a liquid phase (sample) onto stationary phase (sorbent or resin). SPE extends a chromatographic system’s lifetime, improves qualitative and quantitative analysis, and by changing an analyte of interest’s original matrix environment to a simpler matrix more suitable for subsequent analysis, the demand placed on an analytical instrument is considerably lessened.

Use SPE for Samples that:

• Contain particulate matter causing system clogging and high back-pressure
• Contain components that cause high background, misleading peaks, and/or poor sensitivity

• Require cleanup, trace enrichment/concentration, or purification
• Require sample matrix or solvent exchange


Benets of SPE:

• Switch sample matrices to a form more compatible with chromatographic analyses
• Concentrate analytes for increased sensitivity
• emove interferences to simplify chromatography and improve quantitation
• rotect the analytical column from contaminants
Common SPE Applications:

• Pharmaceutical compounds and metabolites in biological fluids
• Drugs of abuse in biological fluids
• Environmental pollutants in drinking and wastewater
• esticides and antibiotics in food/agricultural matrices
• Desalting of proteins and peptides
• Fractionation of lipids
• Water and fat soluble vitamins

 

Introduction of Welchrom™ SPE products

Since 2005, Welch Materials, Inc. has launched Ultisil® (also called Ultisil® in China market), XtimateTM, and TopsilTM series of HPLC chromatography column packing and products into the China market, with excellent chromatographic performance, competitive price and the best professional services. Those products have won the trust from the majority of users. With several years of increased market share, Welch Materials now has become one of the top several major suppliers of HPLC column product line in China. Based on our core chromatographic packing technology and strong new product development ability, Welch Materials also developed a series of WelchromTM SPE products (WelchromTM is a registered trade mark of Welch Materials), including silicabased, polymer-based products, and other inorganicsorbent, and specialty and mixed phases. WelchromTM SPE products are manufactured using state-of-theart automation to guarantee quality and consistency. We have high standards of a series of quality assurance measurements to characterize raw materials and semi-finished packing, such as pore size, pore volume, surface area and the carbon loading, to ensure WelchromTM SPE products excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility and high extraction efficiency.




1) Silica-Based SPE:
The sorbent currently most commonly used in SPE is still the silica gel or bonded silica gel, and its pH scope of application is pH 2-8.WelchromTM SPE silica products are based on highquality high-purity amorphous silica with the average particle size of 45 μm, the average pore size of 60Å, the pore volume of 0.80 cm3/g, and the specific surface area of 480 m2/g. Also we apply Welch's unique surface treatment technology and bonding chemistry on SPE silica, to ensure high extraction efficiency of the analytes. Silica-based WelchromTM SPE phases include C18E (endcapped), C18E HC (endcapped), C18 (not endcapped), C8, CN, NH2, PSA (diamine), Phenyl, SCX, SAX, WCX, PRS (sulfonic acid), Silica, Diol, and other 13 kinds of packing.
2) Non-Silica Inorganic SPE:
Non-silica inorganic WelchromTM SPE sorbents include six normal phase adsorbents: Florisil, Florisil PR, Alumina-N (neutral alumina), Alumina-A (acidic alumina), Alumina-B (basic alumina) and Celite. They have different polarity and basicity, and provide different selectivity and adsorption than normal phase silica gel for the cleanup and analysis of complex matrix samples.
3) Polymeric SPE:
Polymeric SPE have been in rising trend year by year. WelchromTM polymer –based SPE is made from monodisperse polymer beads, and currently includes five different sorbents to meet your needs: BRP, P-SCX, P-SAX, PS/DVB, and P-WAX. Polymeric WelchromTM SPE sorbents have the following advantages over silica sorbents:
• A wide pH range (0-14); suitable for most organic solvents
• No active surface silanols; no loss of basic compounds due to the secondary adsorption
• High binding capacity, high recovery rate, and better consistence
• Low the detection limit, good for trace amount analysis;
• No hydrolysis of the bonded phase like silica substrate; no contamination
• Spherical particles and narrow particle size distribution, to ensure reproducibility of results
• Easy to use; if accidently dried in the process, the cartridge is still usable, and there is no risk of losing the analyte or the result
• Superior retention with a wide pH range for a wide pKa range of compounds
4) Specialty and Mixed Mode SPE:

WelchromTM SPE has four kinds of specialty and mixed adsorbents: GraphiCarb, GraphiCarb/NH2, C8/SCX, C8/SAX, and C18E/SiO2

1. Welchrom™ Silica Based SPE

Welchrom™ C18E

• Extremely retentive for non-polar compounds
• Effective for desalting aqueous mixtures
• The most popular SPE C18 sorbent
• The least selective phase: retain most organic analytes from aqueous matrices
• Beneficial for extracting numerous analytes diverse in structure from the same sample
• Typical applications include herbicides, fungicides, pesticides and other aqueous hazardous waste materials

Welchrom™ C18E (endcapped C18) is very hydrophobic and the most popular SPE sorbent in Welchrom™ SPE products because of its extreme retentive nature for non-polar compounds. C18 is generally regarded as having the broadest spectrum of retention among bonded silica sorbents, since it
retains most organic analytes from aqueous matrices. When analyzing small to intermediate molecules, Welchrom ™ C18E can be used for desalting aqueous matrices prior to ion exchange, as salts pass through the sorbent unretained.
Because of its strong binding ability, it has less selectivity for non-polar organic compounds, so it is often used for separation of compounds with big difference in structure and polarity.

 

 
Welchrom™ C18E ordering information

Specification;
Packing (pcs /bag)
Part No.
100mg/1ml
100
00501-11001
100mg/3ml;
50
00501-11002;
50mg/3ml
50
00501-11003;
200mg/3ml;
50
00501-11004
500mg/3ml
50;
00501-11005
500mg/6ml
30
00501-11006
1000mg/6ml
30
00501-11007
2g/10ml
20
00501-11008
10g / bottle
00501-11017
100g / bottle
00501-11018
Welchrom™ C18E HC

• The most retentive for non-polar compounds in WelchromTM SPE C18
• Use for organic compounds which typically couldn’t be retained by other C18
• The most hydrophobic, bonded silica sorbent; 25% carbon loading

Welchrom™C18E HC is the most hydrophobic, bonded silica sorbent. It is similar to WelchromTM C18E, but contains even higher carbon content, up to 25% carbon. Such high carbon loading helps to further enhance the retention of very polar compounds that typically couldn’t be retained by other SPE C18.

 
Welchrom™ C18E HC ordering information
Specification;
Packing (pcs /bag)
Part No.
100mg/1ml
100;
00502-11001
100mg/3ml
50
00502-11002
150mg/3ml
50
00502-11003
200mg/3ml
50
00502-11004
500mg/3ml
50
00502-11005
500mg/6ml
30
00502-11006
1000mg/6ml
30
00502-11007
2g/10ml
20
00502-11008
10g / bottle
00502-11017
100g / bottle
00502-11018
Welchrom™ C18

• Very retentive for non-polar compounds
• Silanol activity permits metabolite fractionation
• Enhanced retention for polar and basic
compounds
  Welchrom™ C18 ordering information
Specification;
Packing (pcs /bag)
Part No.
100mg/1ml
100
00504-11001
200mg/3m
50
00504-11004
500mg/3ml
50
00504-11005
500mg/6ml
30
00504-11006
1000mg/6ml
30
00504-11007
2g/10ml
20
00504-11008
10g / bottle
00504-11017
100g / bottle
00504-11018

Welchrom™ C8

• Excellent for strong retained non-polar compounds
• Less retentive than C18
• Some polar interaction, but not significant
• Used to elute very large hydrophobic molecules too strongly retained on Welchrom™ C18E
• Use this less retentive phase for the rapid release of hydrophobic molecules using weaker organic

Welchrom ™ C8 has a very similar property to C18, but is less retentive for non-polar compounds due to its shorter carbon chain. At the same time, the analytes access more to C8 silica surface silanols than to C18. Therefore, C8 have more polar interaction for polar compounds than C18, but not significant. Welchrom™ C8 is a good replacement when the analyte is irreversibly retained on C18. Experiments show that C8 adsorbent can extract both fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins in human blood.

 
Welchrom™ C8 ordering information
Specification;
Packing (pcs /bag)
Part No.
100mg/1ml
100
00505-11001
200mg/3m
50
00505-11004
500mg/3ml
50
00505-11005
500mg/6ml
30
00505-11006
1000mg/6ml
30
00505-11007
2g/10ml
20
00505-11008
10g / bottle
 
00505-11017
100g / bottle
00505-11018

Welchrom™ Phenyl

• Similar polarity to C8
• Additional polar secondary π-π interactions enhanced retention of aromatic compounds
• Different selectivity compared with the C18 and C8 phases when both aromatic and non-aromatic compounds are being extracted

Welchrom™ Phenyl is commonly used to extract nonpolar compounds. Its polarity is similar to C8, but because of unique aromatic π-π polar interaction, conjugated compounds have strong retention. WelchromTM Phenyl has the best selectivity for a mixture of aromatic compounds and non-aromatic compounds.


 
WelchromTM Phenyl ordering information
Specification;
Packing (pcs /bag)
Part No.
100mg/1ml
100
00506-11001
200mg/3m
50
00506-11004
500mg/3ml
50
00506-11005
500mg/6ml
30
00506-11006
1000mg/6ml
30
00506-11007
10g / bottle
 
00506-11017
100g / bottle
 
00506-11018

Welchrom™ Silica

• Unbonded acid washed high purity silica, ideal for normalphase SPE and other modified flash techniques
• Considered the most polar normal-phase sorbent available
• Highly polar sorbent to retain polar compounds from nonpolar matrices
• Separating compounds with very similar structure

 

WelchromTM Silica is generally regarded as the most polar SPE sorbent available. Its retention is mainly due to hydrogen bonds. WelchromTM Silica is particularly effective at separating compounds with a very similar structure. It also exhibits a character of weak acids; at the mid pH conditions, silica surface silanols can be ionized.


 
Welchrom™ Silica ordering informationn
Specification;
Packing (pcs /bag)
Part No.
100mg/1ml
100
00500-11001
200mg/3m
50
00500-11004
500mg/3ml
50
00500-11005
500mg/6ml
30
00500-11006
1000mg/6ml
30
00500-11007
10g / bottle
00500-11017
100g / bottle
00500-11018

Welchrom™ CN

• Endcapped cyanopropyl (7% C)
• Ideal for extracting aqueous analytes
• Retention in aqueous and organic matrices
• Behave as either reversed-phase or normal-phase
• Ideal for very hydrophobic analytes that may be irreversibly retained on more hydrophobic sorbents such as Welchrom™ C18E
• Less retentive than Welchrom™ Si or Welchrom™ Diol when used as normal-phase (organic matrices such as hexane or oils)

Welchrom™ CN is a cyano bonded polar phase, and can be used in either normal phase or reversed phase mode for polar and non-polar compounds. In the normal phase mode, it is the least to retain polar adsorbent; in reversed phase mode, it is also the least to retain non-polar adsorbent. It can be used as a non-polar sorbent for extraction of both polar and non-polar molecules from aqueous samples, and for extraction of polar molecules from relatively non-polar solvents. It is ideal for applications in which extremely non-polar compounds would be irreversibly retained on high carbon load sorbents such as C8 and C18.

 

 
WelchromTM CN ordering information
Specification;
Packing (pcs /bag)
Part No.
100mg/1ml
100
00507-11001
200mg/3m
50
00507-11004
500mg/3ml
50
00507-11005
500mg/6ml
30
00507-11006
1000mg/6ml
30
00507-11007
10g / bottle
 
00507-11017
100g / bottle
 
00507-11018

Welchom™ NH2

• Normal phase or anion exchange sorbent
• Weaker anion exchange than SAX
• Amenable to separating structural isomers
• Allows the rapid release of very strong anions such as sulfonic acids that may be retained irreversibly on SAX (a quarternary amine sorbent that is always positively charged)


Welchrom™ NH2 is anaminopropyl bonded sorbent for polar compounds. This dual purpose sorbent can act either as a polar phase or weak anion exchanger. When using nonpolar solvent such as n-hexane as eluting solvent, it can be used for compounds containing-OH,-NH or-SH group by hydrogen bonding. Because of its pKa value of 9.8, in an aqueous environment with pH 7.8 or less, it can function as a weak anion exchanger. Similar to Diol and Silica sorbents, Welchrom™ NH2 is excellent for the separation of structural isomers.

 

 
Welchrom™ NH2 ordering information

Specification;
Packing (pcs /bag)
Part No.
100mg/1ml
100
00509-11001
200mg/3m
50
00509-11004
500mg/3ml
50
00509-11005
500mg/6ml
30
00509-11006
1000mg/6ml
30
00509-11007
10g / bottle
 
00509-11017
100g / bottle
 
00509-11018

Welchom™ PSA

• Alternative choice to WelchromT™ NH2 for polar compounds • Higher ionic capacity than WelchromTM NH2
• Chelating sorbent

WelchomTM PSA is an ethylene diamine-N-propyl bonded sorbent, and is similar to WelchromTM NH2. In reversed phase condition, its polarity is between C18 and silica. It has excellent selectivity for a broad range of polar and mediumpolar compounds. It is also can be used as a weak anion exchange cartridge. WelchomTM PSA has two amino groups (pKa values of 10.1 and 10.9), providing a higher ion exchange capacity. WelchomTM PSA can effectively remove fatty acids in the pesticide residues in food (including oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, etc.), organic acids, some polar pigments, sugars, and other matrices. It can also be used as a metal ion chelating agent by two amino groups.

 

 
Welchrom™ PSA ordering WelchomTM PSA information

Specification;
Packing (pcs /bag)
Part No.
100mg/1ml
100
00508-11001
200mg/3m
50
00508-11004
500mg/3ml
50
00508-11005
500mg/6ml
30
00508-11006
1000mg/6ml
30
00508-11007
10g / bottle
 
00508-11017
100g / bottle
00508-11018

Welchrom™ Diol

• Polymerically bonded, 2,3-Dihydroxypropoxypropyl (7% C)
• Provides polar and non-polar modes
• Strong hydrogen bonding with analytes
• Resembles WelchromTM Silica in its capabilities

 

Welchrom™ Diol is a silica-based polar SPE adsorbent bonded with two hydroxyl groups for polar compounds. Depending on the cartridge preparation and sample matrix, this polar bonded sorbent can exhibit both polar and weak nonpolar interactions, It is more frequently used to extract polar molecules from relatively non-polar solvents using hydrogen bonding interactions. With appropriate cartridge conditioning, it can be used as a non-polar sorbent to extract relatively nonpolar molecules from aqueous samples. It could differentiate among isomers and other structurally similar compounds. It is a better choice than WelchromTM Silica when used as an absorbent to extract polar compounds in a polar solvent.

 

 
Welchrom™ Diol ordering information

Specification;
Packing (pcs /bag)
Part No.
100mg/1ml
100
00510-11001
200mg/3m
50
00510-11004
500mg/3ml
50
00510-11005
500mg/6ml
30
00510-11006
1000mg/6ml
30
00510-11007
10g / bottle
 
00510-11017
100g / bottle
00510-11018

Welchrom™ SCX

• A polymerically bonded, benzene sulfonic acid phase with a H+ counter ion
• Very low pKa ligand elicits strong analyte interaction
• Useful for compounds with cationic and non-polar characteristics
• Superior cleanup a single sorbent

WelchromTM SCX is a strong cation exchanger with a very low pKa. It is used to extract positively charged basic compounds. The presence of the benzene ring in the functional group increases the potential for non-polar interactions. This nonpolar characteristic becomes particularly important when conducting ion-exchange from aqueous systems.

 

 
WelchromTM SCX ordering information

Specification;
Packing (pcs /bag)
Part No.
100mg/1ml
100
00512-11001
200mg/3m
50
00512-11004
500mg/3ml
50
00512-11005
500mg/6ml
30
00512-11006
1000mg/6ml
30
00512-11007
10g / bottle
 
00512-11017
100g / bottle
00512-11018

Welchrom™ SAX

• A polymerically bonded quarternary amine that remains charged at all pH levels
• Retains negatively charged compounds, especially those that elute from weak anion exchange sorbents
• Selectivity can be user-modified for increased flexibility
• Minimal non-polar interactions

WelchromTM SAX is a silica-based strong anion exchange SPE adsorbent, usually used for extraction of negatively charged substances from water or aqueous solution, especially for the extraction of weak acids such as carboxylic acids, which may not retain effectively on weak anion exchange sorbents.

 

 
Welchrom™ SAX ordering information

Specification;
Packing (pcs /bag)
Part No.
100mg/1ml
100
00513-11001
200mg/3m
50
00513-11004
500mg/3ml
50
00513-11005
500mg/6ml
30
00513-11006
1000mg/6ml
30
00513-11007
10g / bottle
 
00513-11017
100g / bottle
00513-11018

Welchrom™ WCX

• A moderate polarity sorbent and weak cation exchanger(pKa 4.8)
• Cation exchange with no need for extreme basic conditions
• Wider selectivity range provides more eluent options
• Polar or non-polar depending on matrix or solvent
• Typically used when dealing with very strong cationic(high pKa) compounds that may be irreversibly retained on strong cation exchangers

 

Welchrom™ WCX is a silica-based weak cation exchange SPE adsorbent, bonded with carboxyl functional groups, commonly used in extraction of the quaternary ammonium compounds or other strong cation.
 
Welchrom™ WCX ordering WelchromTM WCX information

Specification;
Packing (pcs /bag)
Part No.
100mg/1ml
100
00514-11001
200mg/3m
50
00514-11004
500mg/3ml
50
00514-11005
500mg/6ml
30
00514-11006
1000mg/6ml
30
00514-11007
10g / bottle
 
00514-11017
100g / bottle
00514-11018

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